Oneiromancy (from the Greek ??????? oneiros, dream, and ??????? manteia, prophecy) is a form of divination based upon dreams; it is a system of dream interpretation that uses dreams to predict the future.
Video Oneiromancy
Biblical oneiromancy
Dreams occur throughout the Bible as omens or messages from God;
- God speaks to Abram while he is in a deep sleep (Genesis 15);
- God speaks to Abimelech the King of Gerar concerning his intentions regarding Sarah, Abraham's wife (Genesis 20);
- Jacob dreams of a ladder to heaven (Genesis 28);
- his son Joseph dreamed of his future success (Genesis 37) and interpreted the dreams of the Pharaoh of Egypt (Genesis 41);
- Solomon conversed with God in his dreams (1 Kings 3);
- Daniel interpreted dreams (in the Book of Daniel 2 and 4);
- the Magi are told in a dream to avoid Herod on their journey home (Matthew 2);
- Joseph, when betrothed to Mary, was told not to fear taking Mary as his wife (Matthew 1);
- Joseph, now husband of Mary, was directed to flee with Mary and Jesus to Egypt (Matthew 2);
- Pilate's wife suffered in a dream because of Jesus (Matthew 27);
- Paul was told to go to Macedonia (Acts 16)
Deuteronomy 13:1-5 instructs its readers to kill those whose dreams encourage them to urge people into following other gods. In Acts 2:17, the apostle Peter quotes Joel 2:28, saying that because of the Spirit now out poured, "...your old men will dream dreams."
Maps Oneiromancy
Oneirocritic literature
Oneirocritic literature is the traditional (ancient and medieval) literary format of dream interpretation. The ancient sources of oneirocritic literature are Kemetian (Aegyptian), Akkadian (Babylonian), and Hellenic (Greek). The medieval sources of oneirocritic literature are ?stika (Hindu), Persian, Arabic, and European.
Ancient oneirocritic literature
Egyptian
The oldest oneirocritic manuscript hitherto discovered is the "Ramesside dream-book" now in the British Museum. A unique exemplar of a book of dream-interpretation from pre-Hellenistic Egypt, the surviving fragments were translated into English by Kasia Szpakowska.
Mesopotamian
The Epic of Gilgamesh reflects heavily on the belief that our ancients looked to our dreams to predict, roughly, our future, by Gilgamesh's persistence to "sleep on things" and gather information from his dreams before making decisions. The story has been retold countless times.
Akkadian
This was a section of the extensive omen-literature, the most notable exemplar of which was the "Dream Book," I?kar Zaq?qu.
Greek
Dream divination was a common feature of Greek and Roman religion and literature of all genres. Aristotle and Plato discuss dreams in various works. The only surviving Greco-Roman dreambook, the Oneirocritica, was written by Artemidorus. Artemidorus cites a large number of previous authors, all of whom are now lost. These include Artemidoros, Astrampsychos, Nikephoros, Germanos, and Manuel Palaiologos.
- In Book XIX of the Odyssey, Penelop? said that "dreams ... which issue forth from the gate of polished horn bring true issues to pass, when any mortal sees them." (Here, there may be a pun of /KRain?/ 'I fulfill' with /KeRas/ 'horn'.)
- Likewise, Herodotos distinguished /oneiros/ (or /enar/) as "the prophetic, God-sent dream" from /en-upnion/ "the non-predictive dream".
- In the scheme of Artemidoros, the "oneiros was subdivided into two great categories: ... all?gorikos, which corresponds to the Platonic theory of the predictive dream operating in the impure soul, and the ... the?r?matikos, which is the dream represented in the pure state of the soul."
Medieval oneirocritic literature
?stika
The pertinent material is included in the several Pur??a-s, such as the Li?ga Pur??a.
Arabic
Here, dreams about specific numbers or about reading specific chapters of the Qur'an are among the chief subjects of prognostication. The most renowned of the Arabic texts of oneiromancy is the Great Book of Interpretation of Dreams.
European
Achmet is an adaptation of an Arabic book to the tastes of a European readership.
Derived from older literature, modern dream-books are still in common use in Europe and the United States, being commonly sold along with good-luck charms.
Japanese
Sei Shonagon refers to having her dreams interpreted in The Pillow Book.
Modern oneirocritic literature
Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and other psychoanalysts focused this idea and formed theories, experiments, and terminology around oneiromancy, most famously in Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams.
Other oneiromantic traditions
The indigenous Chontal of the Mexican state of Oaxaca use Calea zacatechichi, a flowering plant, for oneiromancy by placing it under the pillow of the dreamer. Similarly, Entada rheedii is used in various African cultures.
See also
- Precognition
- Synchronicity
- Oneirology
Notes
References
- AMERICAN ORIENTAL SERIES, Vol. 89 = Noegel, Scott B. : Nocturnal Ciphers : the Allusive Language of Dreams in the Ancient Near East. New Haven, 2007.
- Oberhelman, Steven Michael : The Oneirocritic Literature of the Late Roman and Byzantine Eras of Greece. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1981.
- Yehia Gouda : Dreams and Their Meanings in the Old Arab Tradition. Vantage Pr, NY, 1991.
Source of article : Wikipedia
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